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Introducing a new, pioneering approach to integrated circuit design
Nanometer Frequency Synthesis Beyond Phase-Locked Loop introduces an innovative new way of looking at frequency that promises to open new frontiers in modern integrated circuit (IC) design. While most books on frequency synthesis deal with the phase-locked loop (PLL), this book focuses on the clock signal. It revisits the concept of frequency, solves longstanding problems in on-chip clock generation, and presents a new time-based information processing approach for future chip design.
Beginning with the basics, the book explains how clock signal is used in electronic applications and outlines the shortcomings of conventional frequency synthesis techniques for dealing with clock generation problems. It introduces the breakthrough concept of Time-Average-Frequency, presents the Flying-Adder circuit architecture for the implementation of this approach, and reveals a new circuit device, the Digital-to-Frequency Converter (DFC). Lastly, it builds upon these three key components to explain the use of time rather than level to represent information in signal processing.
Provocative, inspiring, and chock-full of ideas for future innovations, the book features:
- A new way of thinking about the fundamental concept of clock frequency
- A new circuit architecture for frequency synthesis: the Flying-Adder direct period synthesis
- A new electronic component: the Digital-to-Frequency Converter
- A new information processing approach: time-based vs. level-based
- Examples demonstrating the power of this technology to build better, cheaper, and faster systems
Written with the intent of showing readers how to think outside the box, Nanometer Frequency Synthesis Beyond the Phase-Locked Loop is a must-have resource for IC design engineers and researchers as well as anyone who would like to be at the forefront of modern circuit design.
- Sales Rank: #3338733 in eBooks
- Published on: 2012-06-22
- Released on: 2012-06-22
- Format: Kindle eBook
From the Back Cover
Introducing a new, pioneering approach to integrated circuit design
Nanometer Frequency Synthesis Beyond Phase-Locked Loop introduces an innovative new way of looking at frequency that promises to open new frontiers in modern integrated circuit (IC) design. While most books on frequency synthesis deal with the phase-locked loop (PLL), this book focuses on the clock signal. It revisits the concept of frequency, solves longstanding problems in on-chip clock generation, and presents a new time-based information processing approach for future chip design.
Beginning with the basics, the book explains how clock signal is used in electronic applications and outlines the shortcomings of conventional frequency synthesis techniques for dealing with clock generation problems. It introduces the breakthrough concept of Time-Average-Frequency, presents the Flying-Adder circuit architecture for the implementation of this approach, and reveals a new circuit device, the Digital-to-Frequency Converter (DFC). Lastly, it builds upon these three key components to explain the use of time rather than level to represent information in signal processing.
Provocative, inspiring, and chock-full of ideas for future innovations, the book features:
- A new way of thinking about the fundamental concept of clock frequency
- A new circuit architecture for frequency synthesis: the Flying-Adder direct period synthesis
- A new electronic component: the Digital-to-Frequency Converter
- A new information processing approach: time-based vs. level-based
- Examples demonstrating the power of this technology to build better, cheaper, and faster systems
Written with the intent of showing readers how to think outside the box, Nanometer Frequency Synthesis Beyond the Phase-Locked Loop is a must-have resource for IC design engineers and researchers as well as anyone who would like to be at the forefront of modern circuit design.
About the Author
LIMING XIU is Chief Clock Architect at the Novatek Microelectronics Corporation and formerly a senior member of the technical staff at Texas Instruments Inc. Xiu served as vice president of the IEEE Circuits and System Society during 2009–2010. He has written numerous journal and conference papers, holds a number of patents, and is the author of VLSI Circuit Design Methodology Demystified from Wiley-IEEE Press.
Most helpful customer reviews
1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
A good reference and an innovative technique for practical PLL designers
By XL
As a circuit designer working on nano-meter CMOS PLL's, I found the ideas of this book refreshing as well as practical.
"Nanometer Frequency Synthesis Beyond the Phase-Locked Loop" introduces a unique circuit innovation in frequency synthesis. As the geometry of IC technology keeps shrinking down to nano-meter, this technique has the potential to become a popular approach of frequency generation.
The core circuit topology related to this technique is the flying adder direct synthesis architecture. Its inputs (K-inputs) are usually multi-phased frequency signals from a fixed frequency source. Its outputs could be a wide-range of, near arbitrary, frequencies. Because of the open loop nature, the flying adder synthesis is much faster in generating the desired frequency than PLL. The reason for that is, for a PLL to generate a desired frequency, the loop needs to be locked or settled, which usually takes tens of micro-seconds to hundreds of micro-seconds. Using flying adder synthesis, the settling time could be much less than 1 micro-second.
Besides the frequency generation, the flying adder architecture could also be used as fractional dividers. There could be wealth of potential applications related to this capability. For example, if used in a conventional PLL frequency synthesizer for wireless communication, flying adder divider may be able to serve as a true fractional divider; therefore become a good alternative to the delta-sigma modulator (DSM) based fractional-N synthesizers. DSM based PLL's have issues related to spurs because there is large phase deviation between the reference and the divider output at PFD/CP inputs. The loop is not settled until the filtering of the loop filter. If a true fractional divider is used in the loop, the phases of the divider and the reference are aligned at PFD/CP. The loop operates just like an integer-N synthesizer, however, with the benefit of a high reference frequency.
The author has demonstrated the robustness of the technology in theoretical analysis, research papers as well as large volume, multiple products. The book is well written, almost fun to read considering the nature of an advanced technical book. The author is able to articulate abstract circuit concepts with good and sometimes humorous pictures and diagrams. The references are up to date.
I look forward to more circuit development and advancement based on the flying adder technology. Again, the technology is easier to implement as the geometry shrinks further. It may also serve the design community if flying adder based foundry IP's could be developed and provided.
1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
Excellent book
By libb
This book departs from the traditional approach to frequency synthesis. It offers a new and forward-looking perspective of the field. The author introduces the novel concept of Time-Average Frequency (TAF) which is the foundation of a new approach to frequency synthesis presented in the book from both application and theoretical angles.
The TAF concept is essential and naturally emerging in the modern trend of replacing traditionally analog circuit blocks with digital ones, an effort motivated by modern nano-scale VLSI technologies and the push for smaller, more power efficient designs and single-chip integration. The author demonstrates that clock signals do not need to be perfect to drive digital circuits, instead, allowing them to have cycles and duty-cycles slightly varying in time, yet remaining within certain strict limits, gives a lot of freedom and essentially permits the use of purely-digital period- (frequency-) synthesis using minimal digital architectures.
The Flying-Adder (FA) fractional divider is a compact digital architecture realizing the TAF concept. It was invented by the author in the late 90's and it has been used alone or as the core-part of many frequency- (period-) synthesis architectures in many commercial products. The book presents a wealth of information related to a broad range of applications of the FA for on-chip frequency generation, adaptive clocking for power and performance control, multi-rate systems, synchronization and data recovery in communication applications, de-skewing circuits, phase locking, spread spectrum communications, adaptive sampling for A-to-D conversion, frequency modulation, PWM signaling for power converters, and others. The author's extensive experience in using of FA in commercial integrated circuits is captured in the book offering valuable guidelines for the prospective designer. Timing and synchronization issues, design choices for minimizing power consumption and maximizing operating frequency and others are discussed.
A detailed mathematical theory of operation of the FA is presented covering the timing and spectral properties, including frequency range and resolution, jitter metrics and frequency spurs' magnitude and locations, and, programming methodologies of the FA. Dithering techniques are discussed for spreading the power of spurious signals and for broadening the spectrum of the clock signal to reduce interference with other circuits (EMI). Also, algorithms are presented for choosing the parameters (and programming) the FA-PLL.
The book is well written offering a complete and balanced treatment of the TAF and FA as part of the modern trend of digital frequency and period generation. It is written by an expert of field with very long track record of successful products in major semiconductor companies.
1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
Excellent book on frequency synthesis!
By Wickham C
This is an excellent book that provides a fresh look at nanometer frequency synthesis. Liming Xiu has a clear and concise writing style that takes the reader from an intuitive level of understanding frequency synthesis design through in depth mathematical explanations. This book offers a new and innovative way of thinking about the fundamental concept of clock frequency. It introduces a new circuit architecture called the Flying-Adder which leads to a new component called the Digital-to-Frequency Converter. Liming also demonstrates how this technology can aid designers in creating new high performance systems. The most important contribution of this book is that it introduces a breakthrough concept: Time-Average-Frequency. Since the advent of the clock signal into the field of VLSI circuit design, the concept of "within a clock pulse train, all the cycles must have same length" has been assumed by all the clock designers and clock users. This assumption has limited our capability in the implementation of clock generators. As a result, we have not been able to arbitrary generate clock frequencies nor instantaneously switch from one frequency to another. These two problems have been long-lasting. The Time-Average-Frequency concept introduced by Liming Xiu, enables us to solve these two problems and allows us to design better electronic systems at a higher level(since everything is driven by clock).
This book also presents detailed circuit schematics and provides examples on how to take advantage of this new technology in real product design. Moreover, it offers a vision for future electronic design. This is a unique book that provides concepts, circuits, application and vision. Based on my best knowledge, there is no similar book available in this field.
To would-be buyers, the preface and table of contents are available for review. I suggest reading this before you make your purchase. It definitely helped me make my purchase decision.
I also recommend pairing this book with his other text: "VLSI Circuit Design Methodology Demystified: A Conceptual Taxonomy".
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