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John Wesley's Teachings, Volume 3: Pastoral Theology, by Thomas C. Oden
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John Wesley’s Teachings is the first systematic exposition of John Wesley's theology that is also faithful to Wesley's own writings. Wesley was a prolific writer and commentator on Scripture—his collected works fill eighteen volumes—and yet it is commonly held that he was not systematic or consistent in his theology and teachings.
On the contrary, Thomas C. Oden demonstrates that Wesley displayed a remarkable degree of internal consistency over sixty years of preaching and ministry. This series of 4 volumes is a text-by-text guide to John Wesley’s teaching. It introduces Wesley’s thought on the basic tenets of Christian teaching: God, providence, and man (volume 1), Christ and salvation (volume 2), the practice of pastoral care (volume 3), and issues of ethics and society (volume 4).
In everyday modern English, Oden clarifies Wesley’s explicit intent and communicates his meaning clearly to a contemporary audience. Both lay and professional readers will find this series useful for devotional reading, moral reflection, sermon preparation, and for referencing Wesley’s opinions on a broad range of pressing issues of contemporary society.
- Sales Rank: #251550 in eBooks
- Published on: 2013-01-22
- Released on: 2013-01-22
- Format: Kindle eBook
About the Author
Thomas C. Oden (PhD, Yale) is Director of the Center for Early African Christianity at Eastern University in St. Davids, Pennsylvania and Henry Anson Buttz Professor of Theology and Ethics at Drew University. He is an ordained Methodist minister and the author of many books, including The Rebirth of Orthodoxy: Signs of New Life in Christianity, How Africa Shaped the Christian Mind: Rediscovering the African Seedbed of Western Christianity, Doctrinal Standards in the Wesleyan Tradition, and Classic Christianity. Dr. Oden is also the general editor for the widely-used Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture series.
Most helpful customer reviews
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Oden on Wesley
By Carl 3
Oden does a spectacular job of explaining Wesley, as he always does.
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
John Wesley the Pastor
By Vic Reasoner
Oden's agenda was to pull together Wesley's vision of pastoral care and organize this body of material into a systematic pastoral theology. Oden claims that Wesley was the foremost eighteenth-century evangelical teacher on pastoral theology. The natural question is whether Oden is imposing this agenda on Wesley. However, Oden stated that the purpose of this series was to state precisely what Wesley taught without exaggeration or dilution.
Oden therefore proceeds to summarize Wesley's view on the call to ministry, natural gifts, educational preparation, and the pastoral office. Chapter two deals with pastoral counseling, visiting the sick, and mediating conflict. This continues in the next chapter, under the title of "soul care." Issues such as admonition, deception, temptation, depression, and patience are
Chapters 4-5 deal with Wesley's view of the family. Wesley himself was no shining example of how to be a model husband nor did he raise any children of his own. Yet Wesley did have his mother's example on the education and discipline of children. Wesley himself was largely home schooled. Oden includes helpful material on the purpose of education. On the subject of marriage, Oden supplemented Wesley's own blind spots by drawing from Isaac Ambrose, a Puritan whom Wesley had reprinted in his Christian Library.
Chapter 6 deals with Wesley's theology of the Church, including Word and sacrament. Separate chapters are also devoted to baptism and the Lord's Supper. Oden is especially helpful in his evaluation of whether Wesley taught baptismal regeneration. He concludes that regeneration is the thing signified and baptism is the sign.
Chapter 9 deals with the unity of the body of Christ. Wesley strongly emphasized that Methodists were not to separate, but to redeem both church and society from within. The shameful splintering of the conservative holiness movement is sufficient proof that they do not understand Wesley's theology. Oden applies Wesley's insistence on unity to the current trend of liberal clergy to split off from their historic roots. Oden is especially grieved with "ordained ministers who officiate at weddings that neglect the classic Christian teaching of covenant fidelity in marriage between one man and one woman." At this point Oden shares a personal note as a founder of the confessing movement within the United Methodist Church. His own decision about whether to stay or leave hinges on Wesley's own guidelines. So long as his church does not require of him some act which he cannot in good conscience consent, his intention is not to leave the church that baptized and ordained him.
In chapter 10, Oden deals with effective church leadership. However, this chapter does not focus on how Wesley was a clever administrator. The early Methodist leaders did not start with a plan. Instead, they were men of one book and they preached the old doctrines. And they simply followed the Spirit. Their priorities were doctrinal teaching, spiritual formation, disciplinary action, and protection of this work of God from opposition and persecution.
The final chapter deals with the ministry of evangelism. Oden does not present soul winning as either a sales program or an organized instrument of social change. Wesley's passion was for holy living and Oden presents the holy life as the essence of winning souls. In order to make his point, Oden devotes twelve pages to the life and ministry of John Fletcher. Oden presents Fletcher as one who embodied the wisdom of winning souls.
Based on Oden's agenda to state precisely the views of Wesley, I am surprised that Oden did not chronicle Wesley's changing views on church government or document his view on women preachers. But I do think that what Oden has done is ground-breaking. I am looking forward to volume 4 on issues of ethics and society.
1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
Welsey
By Mathew Sims
I appreciate the ministry of John Wesley's and other evangelical arminians. I had not read much by Wesley before reading John Wesley's Teachings. Oden describes his method: "close adherence to the primary source texts of John Wesley organized in a systematic sequence" (p. 15) including "essays, hymns, homilies, and prayers" (p. 16). This volume centers around the practice of pastoral theology. The concept of "care of souls" occurred again and again.
"Care of souls" is the ministry of the whole laity in the body of Christ. The idea of pastoral care is not modern in origin, but in the modern period it has sometimes come to be superficially narrowed to refer to certain professional disciplines. (p. 32)
I'll share some highlights from this volume now. First, Welsey's section on caring for your family was excellent--which is slightly ironic because of his turbulent marriage. He carries the idea of "care of souls" into the home.
The family covenant reflects the divine human covenant . The promise of God to the families of the people of God is: "I will be the God of all the families of Israel, and they will be my people" (Jer . 31:1 NIV) . Under the coming new covenant, God is promising, "I will put my law in their minds and write it on their hearts" (v . 33 NIV). . . .
To heads of households, Wesley maintains, "Everyone under your roof that has a soul . . . is under your care." (p. 113)
and
Each spouse aims to free the other from every blemish, that their family may walk in love . Each wants the other to grow up to full maturity in the grace and love of God, not be stunted. (p. 140)
The pastoral focus of this section stands out. He had a deft hand when it came to applying Scripture to practical theology surrounding family matters. I've tons of marginalia in this section which I'll be pouring back over later.
Second, Wesley's view of baptism intrigued me. For one, I didn't know he stayed within the Anglican community for his entire ministry. But also there seems to be an ongoing conversation about his views.
Wesley himself wrote in his journal: "I believe `till I was about ten years old I had not sinned away that washing of the Holy Ghost' which was given me in baptism ." If the grace of regeneration given at baptism can be diluted or misplaced by sin, then it follows that adults who were baptized as infants may still require a new birth because of their intervening sin. (p. 192)
I haven't studied the John Welsey's view of baptism outside of this text but it seems similar to the Lutheran view in that it does have some impact on original sin. It seems he considers baptism a kind of first conversion and then saw a salvific conversion experience later as well depending on well you kept from sinning. Oden lists five benefits of baptism as taught by Wesley (p. 204)
1 . In baptism the value of Christ's death is applied to us.
2 . In baptism we are welcomed into the new covenant community.
3 . In baptism we become members of the body of Christ.
4 . In baptism we are grafted into the body of Christ and made children of God.
5. In baptism we are made heirs of the new reign of God.
Oden also aligns part of the view with a more reformed understanding,
Baptism benefits us by welcoming us into a covenant with God similar to that between God and Abraham, which is a covenant of promise. But Christian baptism is a covenant of fulfillment in which "sins and iniquities are no more." We enter into the covenant with God through baptism just as the Israelites did through circumcision. This is a covenant entered with a new heart enlivened by the good news . It is everlasting, since it is a covenant by and with the eternal God. Baptism in the gospel dispensation has replaced circumcision as a sign of admittance into Christ's family. (p. 201)
Wesley's writing is readable and approachable for the layperson. Oden comments early on that Wesley wrote with the person in the pew in mind. The book unfolds like a systematic theology. I found the layout slightly cumbersome to read. It just didn't flow preventing making steady headway. You get a more outlined approach to moving through Wesley's views with heavy summary and then selections and quotations from Wesley's work. Because of the impact of Wesley's ministry and the way in which God used him, he deserves to be more widely read. Especially my reformed readers would benefit from reading outside of their sweet spot. Despite the difficult format, a headstrong reader will glean much from John Wesley's Teachings. Pastors in particular will find this volume invaluable.
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